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기계류 지침(Machinery Directive, 2006/42/EC)
유럽으로 들어오는 모든 기계류는 1995년 1월1일부터 아래의 적용 지침을 따라야 한다.적용지침은 초기 89/392/EEC에서 91/368/EEC, 93/44/EEC, 93/68/EEC, 98/37/EC으로 개정되었으며 현재는 European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC 가 유효하다. 세계 많은 나라들이 기계류와 안전부품에 대해 비강제성 인증을 채택하고 있으나 유럽은 강제안전인증(Mandatory)을 기반으로 하고 있다. 강제안전인증은 기계류 사용으로 인한 수 많은 사고로 인한 사회적 비용 손실을 제품을 안전하게 설계하고 적합하게 설치하며 유지관리를 잘하도록 하여 줄이고 기계를 사용하는 작업자가 적절하게 사용하여 작업자의 안전을 확보하기 위해서 이다.
기계류의 정의
- machinery;
- interchangeable equipment;
- safety components;
- lifting accessories;
- chains, ropes and webbing;
- removable mechanical transmission devices;
- partly completed machinery
기계지침의 규격구분
기계 안전에 관한 유럽 규격은 A규격, B 규격, C 규격으로 나눌수 있다. 제품은 해당되는 모든 3종류의 규격을 충족해야 한다.
- A 규격(EN 414, EN 12100)
기본 안전규격으로 기본 개념, 설계 원칙 및 일반적 측면을 규정하는 규격이다.
- B 규격( EN 13850, EN 13849-1, EN 60204-1 등)
일반적인 기계의 용도 및 목적에 따라 광범위하게 구분된 기계에 적용되는 안전에 관계되는 규격 1) B1규격은 특정 안전 측면에 관한 규격(전기, 안전거리, 표면온도, 소음 등) 2) B2규격은 안전관련 장치 와 기계부품 등에 관한 규격(비상스위치, 압력감지장치 등)
- C 규격
특정 기계 또는 기계 그룹에 관한 상세한 안전 요구사항을 규정하는 규격
필수준비문서
- 매뉴얼:사용자매뉴얼, 서비스매뉴얼 (전문가용)
- Parts List (승인부품의 인증서 사본:CoC , AoC , DoC , Type approval Certificates)
- Catalogues :완제품 및 주요부품류
- 도면:제품 , 조립도 , 주요부 조립도
- 유압, 공압, 전기 관련 자료
※ 아래의 기계들은 인증기관의 인증을 꼭 받아야 CE 마킹이 가능한 제품들이다.(ANNEX IV)
- Circular saws (single- or multi-blade) for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics or for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
- sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed bed or support with manual feed of the workpiece or with a demountable power feed;
- sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a manually operated reciprocating saw-bench or carriage;
- sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a built-in mechanical feed device for the workpieces, with manual loading and/or unloading;
- sawing machinery with movable blade(s) during cutting, having mechanical movement of the blade, with manual loading and/or unloading.
- Hand-fed surface planing machinery for woodworking.
- Thicknessers for one-side dressing having a built-in mechanical feed device, with manual loading and/or unloading for woodworking.
- Band-saws with manual loading and/or unloading for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics or for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
- sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed or reciprocating-movement bed or support for the workpiece;
- sawing machinery with blade(s) assembled on a carriage with reciprocating motion.
- Combined machinery of the types referred to in points 1 to 4 and in point 7 for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics.
- Hand-fed tenoning machinery with several tool holders for woodworking.
- Hand-fed vertical spindle moulding machinery for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics.
- Portable chainsaws for woodworking.
- Presses, including press-brakes, for the cold working of metals, with manual loading and/or unloading, whose movable working parts may have a travel exceeding 6 mm and a speed exceeding 30 mm/s.
- Injection or compression plastics-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
- Injection or compression rubber-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
- Machinery for underground working of the following types:
- locomotives and brake-vans;
- hydraulic-powered roof supports.
- Manually loaded trucks for the collection of household refuse incorporating a compression mechanism.
- Removable mechanical transmission devices including their guards.
- Guards for removable mechanical transmission devices.
- Vehicle servicing lifts.
- Devices for the lifting of persons or of persons and goods involving a hazard of falling from a vertical height of more than three metres.
- Portable cartridge-operated fixing and other impact machinery.
- Protective devices designed to detect the presence of persons.
- Power-operated interlocking movable guards designed to be used as safeguards in machinery referred to in points 9, 10 and 11.
- Logic units to ensure safety functions.
- Roll-over protective structures (ROPS).
- Falling-object protective structures (FOPS).
기계류지침(2006/42/EC)에 따른 적합성 절차
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